Glossary of Terms for Traditional Pangasinan Fishing, Fishing Gears, and Water Vessels
(Compiled by Resty S. Odon)
This downloadable e-book--"Guide to the Classification of Fishing Gear in the Philippines" by Agustin F. Umali--originally published by the U.S. Government Printing Office in January 1950--has a wealth of terms for fishing implements, a number of which apparently were widely used in the Mangabul area of Bayambang.
Here's a list of terms extracted from the book. A few entries and notes deemed missing from this list and sourced from various informants and other references were added: biong, baloto, begsay, kiwkiw, lamos, sakupit, balulang, sigay, etc.
alang - a lever net similar to the salambaw (Tagalog) which consists of a large dip net attached to two bamboo cross pieces. It is lowered and raised by a lever-like boom stepped to a bamboo raft.
alawa - a woven bamboo net used to get the fish from the cage or pen
babaku - fish basket fashioned from bamboo strips; related: balulang, sakupit, talakeb
balisasa - an instrument used for fishing; also called nasa
baliwit (also Sambal) - a term for handlines
baloto – wooden bangka (Tagalog) or boat
baloyboy - fish pen
balulang - a type of fish basket
banowit - general term for lines. Additional notes: Bangwit is also used to refer to the fishing rod. Paleg is a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.
bantak - a longline. Synonym: Kitang (Tag.).
banwit (also Bikol) - a term for handlines
batel - wooden hulled motorized boats; big inter-island sailboat
bayating - a certain herbs whose seeds when thrown on water could kill fish
begsay - a boat's long oar
biong - a large boat of high plank (Cosgaya, via Pinablin Pangasinan, PHCC)
bobo - a type of balisasa or nasa that is somewhat bigger, made of bamboo, and used for catching shrimps or crabs
bonoan - fish pen to catch fish with twists and turns placed on rivers and lakes
daklis (also Iloko; Sambal) - a large beach or drag seine of cotton netting. Made with a bag or pocket, it is 100 to 150 fathoms long. It is smaller than the biray (Ilk.) but larger than the karukod (Ilk.). Synonyms: Sinsoro (Tag.-Sp.); pukot (Tag.); salap, baling, baring (Bis.).
kalaskas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net without a pocket. Usually made of sinamay, it is used with a scareline. Synonyms: Kulokutok or katigbi (Tag.).
kalukor - a cotton netting drag or beach seine which has no pocket.
kammang (also Ibanag; Iloko) - a gill net operated from a banca.
karik - a pole and line. Synonyms: Binwit or biwas (Tag.).
karukod - a drag seine without a pocket. Synonyms: Karudkod
kasag (also Iloko) - a rectangular drive-in net used with a scareline. Synonym: Kulokutok (Tag.); odaod (Ilk.).
kaskasag - a one-man rectangular lift net.
kayakas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net of sinamay into which reef species are driven with a kayakas (scareline). It is a local version of the muro-ami and also is similar to the bahan (Sam. Bis.). Synonym: Kayakas-boholano (Tag.).
kemel - to use the hands for fishing
kitang (also Tagalog; Iloko; Sambal) - general term for longlines
kiwkiw - a boat's short oar
lama - fish shelter made of piles of debris. Synonyms: Bumbon (Tag.); rama (Ilk.); bombon (Pil.).
lamos - balsa (Tag.) or raft.
latule-patule - pole and line in which the pole (latule) is stuck into the mud of riverbanks. On the free end of the pole a kind of noisemaker (patule) made of a bamboo joint split at one end, is hung to attract the fisher man when the fish bites.
legma - a simple fish shelter constructed of debris. Synonyms: Lima or lama (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).
lima - simple fish shelter made of debris. Synonyms: Legma (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).
lubbuk - a net made of sacks in which the school of fish is gathering for catching
manarop-alamang - a triangularly framed sinamay push net for catching small shrimp. Synonym: Sakag (Tag.).
pakpak - cotton twine encircling gill net for taking sardines.
pakpet - a fish shelter used in the Mangabul fisheries. It consists of piles of debris from which the catch is made by various means. Synonym: Bumbon (Tag.).
palaylay - a drag seine similar to the karukod (Ilk.), operated with one wing payed out somewhat more offshore than the other. Synonym: Parayray (Pang.).
paleg - a pen to catch fish and also a trap for catching birds
paleg - a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.
palubo - triangularly framed drive-in-net operated with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.)
palukso - fish trap for catching dalag. It is operated like a barricade in rivers, creeks, or openings of rice-field dikes when the water is being drained. It is fashioned of slanting, V-shaped split-bamboo matting into which the dalag leap.
pamalanak - a rectangular drive-in-net operated with a scareline for catching banak (mullet) in Bolinao.
paranyaki - a drift net used in San Fabian for catching slipmouth and goatfish. It measures 25-by 1-fathom. In other places in this province the term also refers to the lighted boat in a sapyaw outfit.
paraw - a fishing boat
payakyak - a two-chambered fish corral constructed in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water in Lake Mangabul, Bayambang. It consists of a series of fish weirs almost connected to each other by a winglike leader set across the entire width of a creek. This gear fishes during the receding water after the rainy season.
pened - pen used for fishing in rivers
penir - a fish corral constructed on a river bank. Two wings are set perpendicular to the single chamber so as to close completely that particular portion of the stream and catch fish with the receding water. This may also be classified as a barricade. Synonym: Populitin
piner (also Samar) - a river fish corral made with two wings and a collecting crib but no leader. The function of a leader is usually performed by one or both wings. Synonym: Bunuhan (Tag.).
pisga (also Iloko) - a fish spear or harpoon fished from a raft.
populitin - a one-chambered river fish corral or barricade set on one side of the stream with two wings constructed perpendicular to the enclosure, but parallel to the bank, so as to catch fish during ebb. This also may be merely staked bamboo mattings enclosing a definite portion of the stream along its bank in order to effect the capture of fish during receding water. Synonym: Penir (Pang.).
puket (also Iloko) - a set filter net for catching ipon (goby fry) along gradually shelving sandy shores near river mouths in the northern provinces. It is made either of sinamay or of coarse cotton cloth. Synonym: Tanggar (Ilk.).
sabukol - cast nets used in Pangasinan. Synonyms: dala (Tag.); laya (Bis.); tabukol (Ilk.); ataraya (Sa.-Sp.; T. Sug.-Sp.); lala (Samb.); additional note: It is a light white fishing net with buli or some other materials as weight.
sabokol - fishing net
sakupit - a type of fish basket
salambaw - a rectangular lift net used in rivers. One side is supported by poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, and the opposite side is held by two men from a platform built along one side of the river. It is fished like a blanket net. Synonym: Salambaw-parigdig (Pang.).
salambaw - a special type of fishing instrument placed on a raft consisting of a vertical pole and a horizontal one in which a net is attached and on the other some stones to serve as weight in lowering and raising the net
salambaw-bugton - a triangularly framed lift net operated by only one man.
salambaw-inalong - a stationary lift net. Rectangular in form, it is set near the bank with the anchored side attached to two poles toward midstream. The opposite hauling side is manipulated by two retrieving lines from a sheltered bamboo platform toward the river bank. “Alalong” means watch tower.
salambaw-parigdig - a rectangular lift net weighted at each In operation, one side is tied to two poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, while the opposite side is held by two men from a bamboo plat form on the river bank. Fishing this gear resembles the blanket net operation. Synonym: Salambaw (Pang.).
salapyao - fishing boat with net
salyang - a lift net for catching crabs. It is small, square, coarse meshed, and mounted on split bamboo crosspieces. It is baited before being fished. Synonyms: Bintol (Pil.); bentoy (Ban. Bis.); sellem (Ilk.; Iban.).
saplar (also Iloko; Ibanag) - a staked filter net for taking shrimp. Synonym: Saplad (Pil.).
sariwsiw - a set lift net of triangular shape mounted on two collapsible bamboo crosspieces. It is operated like a drive-in-net with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.).
sayorsor - a kind of small fishing net (from Pangasinan: Pinablin Dalin)
sayring - a small trawl net operated from two anchored boats. The net is dragged in grounds where fish shelters have been placed a few days beforehand. The debris composing the shelters is cleared before the net is used.
sigay - a large fishing net, a funnel-shaped enclosure, usually used in the open sea.
siklong - a one-bamboo-joint crab trap operated with a bow-and trigger controlled trap door for catching land crabs as they crawl from their burrows. Synonyms: Patibong (Tag.; Ban. Bis.); sarading (Kuy.); lagpit (Il. Bis.).
siid (also Tagalog) - a small , low, heart-shaped pot-like trap used chiefly for catching clariid catfish (hito). Made of bamboo matting and baited, it is designed with a nonreturn device. Synonyms: Umang, dakikong, bakikong (Tag.).
siir - A set pole and line in which the short pole is stuck in the ground. It does not require constant attention.
siir-na-alalo - a set pole and line for catching alalo (climbing perch) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang, Province.
siir-na-paltat - a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang
sikop - another pen for fishing
silew - a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang, Pangasinan. Synonym: Siir-na-paltat (Pang.).
silot - a deep-water tuck seine operated from a boat. Its meshes are wider than those of the karukod or daklis (Ilk.; Pang.).
siwasiw - a pole and line for catching dalag. Live frog bait is used, and the gear is swung continuously back and forth.
tabagan - pen made of bamboo for fishing
tabal - in the inland fisheries of Mangabul, this refers to a gill net with or without sinkers. In the sea fisheries of Pangasinan, the term refers to a small-meshed drag seine operated in waters 1 fathom or less in depth; additional note: In San Carlos City, tabal also refers to a fish trap made of net with two poles at both ends, designed so that any fish that enters its hole can no longer escape.
tabal-kon-bato - a submerged set gill net with a weighted ground line and a floatline of saluyot strings.
tabal-kon-paltaw - a floating set gill net, with floats on the cork line, which is used in pelagic fishing.
tabal-grande - a small-meshed drag seine used in waters 15 fathoms or more in depth.
tabal-pikinyo - a small drag seine fished in waters less than 142 fathoms deep.
tabar - a drift net operated in the inland-water fisheries of Bayambang
taksay (also Pilipino) - a small trawl net operated from an anchored banca in grounds where fish shelters have been set some days before. The ground is cleared of debris before the net is dragged. In Pangasinan, fish are either driven into the net, which is set against the current, or swept from the ground when the net is pulled to the banca. In Manila Bay no shelters are used, but the net is dragged along the grounds toward the banca by pulling the towing ropes attached to each wing. In Panay the term refers to a sinamay drag or beach seine.
taksayan - a fishing boat presumably with a taksay attached
talakeb - a subcylindrical bamboo cover pot used to cover fish in muddy inland ground. This is sometimes used with light. Synonym: Salakab (Tag.).
talapang-de-balat - a drag seine used in Alaminos for gathering balat (sea cucumber).
tapangan (also Tagalog; Sambal; Aklan Bisaya) - a baited cylindrical bamboo fish pot for catching crabs. The splints are matted in parallel series over hoops, with the two ends tapering slightly. Each end is provided with a circular opening guarded by a nonreturn valve. This gear is very similar to the kimpot (Kap.), except that the latter has only one valve.
tapsay (also Iloko) - a trawl net operated from an anchored banca. Synonym: Taksay (Pil.).
tuel - a river fish corral which has a bamboo platform as the collecting portion. Synonym: Palukso (Tag.).
Other References:
Bayambang Culture Mapping Project members/informants and validators
Pangasinan: Pinablin Dalin by the Pangasinan Historical and Cultural Commission
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