DRAFT
Pangasinan (the language) is often mistakenly called a dialect. We can probably blame it from the way "dialect" is defined in school in comparison to "language": a distinct language is called a dialect when the number of speakers are on the low side, and something becomes a language when the speakers are considered numerous.
But here's a test of why Pangasinan should be called a language, not a dialect, from the linguistic point of view: If a Pangasinense talks in Pangasinan to an Ilocano, Bolinao, Sambal, or Igorot (the groups closest to Pangasinans, ethnically speaking), the two persons will not understand each other. Pangasinan language can, therefore, stand the test of distinction that it should indeed be called a language, not just a mere variation of a major language, as implied by the frequent use of "dialect" to refer to it.
This is because Pangasinan has a sheer number of words that are unique, to the point that a noticeable number of words in the vocabulary, in fact, have no one-word equivalent in other equally distinct languages.
Here is a survey of such words.
Abagis
Abaigan - ? Example: Agka lewet lan lewet ed satay anak mo ta nabaigan.
Abalayan
Abalekne
Abalikwat
Abanalan - got dead tired from working or traveling late into the night that it’s hard to wake up early for work as usual; Mabanal - tiresome not just physically but psychologically/emotionally
Abigot/abitil
Abingat
Abingal, Abingalngal
Abutit - naknaksel; fully sated to the point of excess
Abuyandot - akeskeskes o ayesyesyes so kawes o sapey to. Example: Abuya-buyandot so kawes mo.
Adapigas
Ag makairiir - cannot move properly due to space constraint. Example: Agak la makairiir ed saya’y nairungan ko.
Aga napukpokan - ?
Agabwang? - agaygay ed loob na eges; cf. agabyang - nawasak
Agetaget - angileb so mais, marawas so iyan na mais
Agnasabaan - can’t deal with its sheer magnitude/number or surfeit of something
Agot
Akabigta - hit the big time
Akapugsit
Akwal
Alangkongan - nahuli ng gising; woke up late
Alega - minanaet, mimitirol, misasalaok, labalabay to’y umpapel
Alimigos
Alnyub, Angiob - gamit ya panagsibok pian unkasil so apoy ed dalikan
Alunit
Ambaling - has the smell or taste of camote that has gone bad due to a worm or fungus
Amolapak
Amorikdik
Amosyak - masanting ya inpanlaman na bii
Ampasaseng
Ampatot - lift an object then place it on one’s head, head of shoulder; syn.: agto, agtoen - to lift an object and place it on ones head; ampatot - hold something by one’s two hands; ampupo - hold something by two arms; ampuyong - hold something by two arms but very close to the chest
Ampeng
Amumuyot
Amuyakat - manpikkat, mannelnab, maringot, marutak; dirty in wet and sticky kind of way
Amuyanggo - amay singa kabango bangon mo, ya ag kani aka sagaysay na buek, asaganet, amurakday, magulo-gulo ya buwek; with hair disheveled as though one has just woken up straight out of bed. Example: “Akin, kabangobangon mo, amuyanggo ka! Mansagaysay ka pa!”
Andamyo
Apaer - apaet
Apakil - nasayang ang oras at nauwi sa wala ang lahat matapos kunin ang isang bagay o matapos tuparin ang isang pakay sa isang lugar; wasted one's time and got exhausted for nothing after getting something somewhere
Apalespak - fell and landed on one's bottom
Apikos - pushed in an uncomfortable and/or awkward position
Apikwar - forcefully upturned, as in a thumb?
Apildak
Apuyot - basang-basa; sopping wet
Arab-arab - kung anu-ano na lang ang sinasabi; careless with one’s words, resulting in comic relief if not utter disaster
Asagapet - no say ayëp ët kapananak insan mo nengnengen o diwiten so anak to, ag to la aroen tan taynanan to; no say ateng agto amtan aroen tan asikasoen so anak to; used to describe a dog, parent, or child that does not care about his child/parent and leaves him/her alone or forgets him or her
Asagapulan - pushed into a corner
Asalanggasang
Asasnit
Asiblew - eras; patay-gutom; shamefully acts like totally deprived of food, etc.
Asilok
Asipor - kinain o pinitas kahit hindi pa hinog, o ginawa nang maaga at naiwasan ang sakuna, gaya ng pagpapagamot sa sakit; consumed prematurely (as in unripe fruit)
Asusot
Atalangkab - nagkalat, kalat-kalat at nakakahilo; synonym: akitungilang; related idiom: man-uusilan; synonym: asiwaklat - disorderly in a dizzying way
Atapak (vulgar) - used to refer to poop that comes out in a big heap
Ataratar - is riddled with, as in bullets
Atibeb
Atiki -
Atilor
Atingapol - akirurutak so lupa. Example: Atingapol so lupam. Akin aki-angal ka’d buaya?!
Awaweng - singa abalang so kanonotan to; seems to have lost his consciousness
Banbantot - to randomly point at something among other choices or to choose the answer (as in an exam) by randomly pointing at any letter; from the word for butterfly pupa
Bangol
Basibas
Bastiral - bastian!, aga mangabkabilang. Example: Bastiral kan ugaw!
Bekang
Bikat-bikat
Bingat
Bungitngit
Busaleg
Butaig - mangiras o aga ungagalaw
Dadarayet - haggard-looking
dalakurak, dalagurog? - masyadong brusko?; too careless in one’s ways
Dapmeg
Degwa-degwa - bigla labat lan umparungtal
Delnet - dip ever so slightly
Dukong-dukong - akolaw or masiken
Dumakitot - biret-biret tan mantugingging lapu’d belat na awit to
Gawat
Gayon-gayon - kumunoy
Gipang
Iansagan - ikargay panangan ya ipatuon ed plato ya walay danum. Example: Iansagan mo tay keran sira pian agda gilataen.
Ibilkag - to unroll or spread one's mat on the floor or the bed, to ready it for sleeping or lying down
Iket
Inambungalan - attacked (as in by bees) in massive numbers
Inganso - syn.: inganet, binutey obet; itinodo, inubos ang lakas; made an effort at something with one’s whole might
Inkuyabo - to wear like a sack, starting from the hem of one’s clothes
Inwasik
Inuyos
Ipaikik - not just to dry but to drip-dry; cf. apiktat - overly sun-dried; ipayangyang - to hang out to dry in the open air; ipamaga or pamagaen is the general term for to dry
Ipatnubang - ihatid pauwi o paalis ng bahay; Ipatnubang ta ka la sirin? (Shall I bring you home?); syn. itutdad, itugdar, itutdang - ibaan o ituro ed nepeg ton laen
Iriir - cannot move properly due to space constraint Example: Agak la makairiir ed saya’y nairungan ko.
Ituring
Kabkab - to eat something forcefully using one’s front teeth. Kabkab mo yay anawet ya niyog. cf.: kutib - to bite off a little; kitleb - to bite off; ketket - to bite
Kagletan
Kaknet
Kalakal - Ex.: Angapo ni'y kalakal to
Kalamor
Kalamor - kahit papaano; ?
Kalansaw, kama, kama-kama - to handle food with one’s bare hands in a disagreeable way
Karapkarap - palpalaran
Kasanlilikna
Kateng-kateng
Kawkaw
Kayerker
Kebyew
Kemkem - to hold something in a firm way near the point of squeezing
Kesneg/kinmesneg
Kingking
Kiwakiw
Koldit
Kongkong
Konineng
Kotikot
Kulasbong
Kumarakara - mibabali, saro-saro, mikakwati, kwatit
Kusasep
Kusbo
Kusimat
Kuyabo
Laem (?)
Lakanat
Lamaw
Lampong - having overgrown hair. Example: Manpakatli ak la ta lampong ak la.
Lupog - a variety of guava bearing small round fruits
Maablir
Maaktot
Maalopáep - foggy
Maanag
Maangsit
Maampap
Maantol
Mabalasubos
Mabanesbes
Madiwak, Mariwak - maaksaya sa tubig; using water so much more than necessary; pandiwak means water generally used to wash things
Maingungot - laging nakabusangot sa inis
Makakaraëg - bwisit o managtawag na malas, makaamling, makapakapoy; nagtatawag ng malas; having an air of negative portent or bad omen
Makapasinagem (syn: makapainagem?) - used to describe weather that makes you feel sick, characterized by alternating hot and cold temperature with wind besides that is more an annoyance than balmy
Makapatiktikaéw - puzzling
(Aga) makarimol (can't ___?) - di siya makaisa; di ka nya maisahan (aga makarimol ed sika); or: if one treats others unfairly, one won't get lucky; pag nandedehado ng iba, di siya susuwertehin
Makasambot - can assist you in a huff; opposite: agmakasambot - can’t be depended upon when needed
Makaskasding - aliwliwan nengnengen, makabanbanlig, singa mabanbanday; masagwa; awkward, embarrassing. Example: “Saltan mo tay paldam ya antiktikey, makaskasding kan pawaypaway ed karsada ngalngali la umpaway so kutitkutit mo, makapabaing!”
Makautob - can be distributed to a lot of people, like food
Makilot - maringot, marutak ya danom o likido
Makulyapis - makapoy so inkatuboy tanaman/ kulang na abono
Malanir
Malaring - matila o malastog
Mamaong - siñga togtua, siñga nayaryari; siga-siga, may kayabangan at pagkadominante; pretending to be somebody, domineering; feeling like a big shot
Manalibegbeg - has the feeling of being vaguely pierced by pins and needles
Manalinsyar - mansalti, aga makareen
Manarastang - nanpapaweg
Manasibayang - maningal, unla’d man, unla’d diya tan mambatik-batik lapu’d takot o lapu’d ag to amta’y gawaën to
Manburildil - complaining in a loud, nonstop manner
Manbusitsit
Mangayet - teeth-grinding
Mankamuyagyag - refers to the crumbly quality of cooked rice grains, as opposed to sticky
Mankayetket - shivering due to chills or cold
Mankibwal - magalaw ya manlalapud dalem na danum
Mankinon - mataltalker so tenger to; aga mamanpansin; snobbish because feeling superior
Mankubibit - make face at the verge of crying. Example: Mankubibit may ugaw nen inebay kapinsan ton agto kabat.
Manlaldak
Manlaldis
Manmoldo - mambasa
Manpapakulang - compensating for all the food or meals one has not taken but should have (as after one got sick). Example: Masiba-siba la ta’y aso natan ta manpapakulang (ed sama’y agto impangan na pigaran agew).
Manpapakulang - compensating for all the food or meals one has not taken but should have Example: Masiba-siba la ta’y aso natan ta manpapakulang ed sama’y agto impangan na pigaran agew.
Manparutpot - the sound the lips make when someone tries to sound like a propeller or motor engine; associated with a belief that it is a sign that a storm is coming
Manpayegpeg - moving in a flapping way. Example: Manpayegpeg ta’y salim ah. Aburido ka amo?; uncontrollable shaking because of fear or because of too much cold or due to sickness
Manpayegpeg - moving in a flapping way Manpayegpeg ta’y salim ah. Aburido ka amo?
Manpolagsak
Manpolasi
Manpugsak
Manpungit
Mansalti - manalinsyar, mandyalteng; restless or can’t be in one place at a time not because one is sick but just to get the attention of others, so she flits from one point to another
Mansamyong
Mansasbi
Mansisibek - makakaakis; from Sibek - hikbi or hibik
Mantalikarkar
Mantalikerker
Mantalugabba - manbasog-basog tan maningal lapu’d pasnok to
Mantikap - to eat loudly like a pig. Example: Agka mantikap; singa ka baboy.
Mantumpok - magkamay; to eat with one’s (right) hand
Manwatil - synonyms: manlanger, tanger-tanger, taoy-taoy; moving to and fro while hanging about
Manyapbol - masubol
Mapalasipas
Mapalikdo
Mapalpalnay - makulaney ya matayam ya unakar
Mapalyon - used to describe a place full of ghosts or harmful spirits
Marandanet
Maraskal - rough in character
masagapsap - rough. Example?
Masiasiasem - klima ya mapalpalna o mapalayupoy so dagem; breezy, to describe a climate or weather
Masiba vs alsab bakag, abigot
Masiglat - mabenta; fast-selling or selling like hotcakes; also means maples, mabilis, fast
Masinapet - syn.: makawanan; mapanghinayang at masinop sa gamit kaya ayaw magtapon kasi nasasayangan; used to describe someone who tends to regret throwing away anything of potential value that others would consider trash
Masipal - bulky or occupying too much space that there’s not much leeway for other things. Example: Masipa-sipal met ta’y asaliw mon kabinet.
Masiwal - magulo sa pagtulog sa higaan; moves too much in bed while sleeping
Masyasyangob - marunong ya manradar no iner so grasya o panangan; magaling ang pang-amoy pagdating sa grasya
Matalagutog
Matalangatang
Mataldit
Matalnek
Matalunggaring
Matewer - makunat?; refers to someone who won’t pay his/her debt despite repeated pleas to pay back; cf. balasubas?
Matoor - tapat; faithful or not reneging on one’s promise
Mauley - having one’s hands on things that are not one’s own or that one has no right to touch or delve into. Example: Mauley yan masiken. Angano agto anak pibabalian to’y bilay.
Melmel
Mibagkong - miponsya, mibangaw, midadoy, miangot, miakan, mikan; makikain sa piging; join a feast
Mikukunetket, Mikukungetnget - nakikisali pa kahit di na dapat; still taking a part or a piece of something despite it being not enough for everyone
Mitirol - mibabalid agto kagawaan; pakialamero; refers to someone who gets his hands on things he has no right or business being into, literally or figuratively
Mulagat
Naalimereng - refers to a person passing out like in a heat stroke
Nalmay - kinmolaney o nakalay linawa
Nankakames
Nankakamolsit - atoyak-toyak
Nankakanat
Nankubot - to cover one’s whole body with a blanket
Nanlatop - nagsuot ng adisyunal na damit dahil mahamog o malamig; wore additional clothes (not necessarily a sweater) on top of one’s clothes because it is cold. Example: Nanlatop ak ta ambetel natan.
Nanpalbog - umihi sa higaan; peed in bed while asleep
Nanpandakan - caused someone to laugh so hard out of great amusement
Nanpaselkag- nanpabaleg na laman, nagpalaki ng katawan, have one’s body puffed up with muscle
Nantatabugis - violently exploding into smithereens like a water melon falling from a veranda with incredible force
Nasabaan
Nasisikig
Nausdongan - literally, moved lower with respect to the next thing or person; as idiom: naimpluwensiyahan ng di magandang pagkatao o ugali
Niparukan - slightly choked by water or liquid food
Nitengeb
Nipakesneg
Nipalantot
Pagatin
Palawpaw - pasa-pasa’y trabaho to; careless in one’s work
Paleg
Paliteng - nengneng toy manpitek
Paliteng - to arrange neatly in a straight or curved line? Example: Paliteng ka lan paliteng ed satay buwek mo!
Panglit - gilig na lamisaan
Paritpit
Pawëg - maan-anos balët no makapasnok ag to napukpokan so laman to, antikey so koldon to, agmo nalurey-lurey, amputi’y layag, mipapasnok, barumbado; gets easily angry
Pilalek
Pituyaw
Ponges
Pugaget
Salga-salga - yara-yara o nitan lan payag-payag so sapey to
Sangap-sangap - saro-saro, mibabali, misasawsaw, mikwakwatit, sarsarit; synonym: Laot - nakikisawsaw sa usapan; unnecessarily being around a group of people or a conversation where a person’s presence is not being sought
Seret
Sibilaw
Siblet-kerew - makerekerew balet masibsiblet; fond of asking something yet so stingy himself
Silib - to watch closely so as to grab at or catch something; cf. siim
Siluluor - an expression of regret that is similar to "alas". Example: Siluluor ya linma ak ed SSS. Angapo lamlamang so nalak. (Sayang lang na pumunta kami sa SSS. Wala rin kaming napala. (It is regretful that we went to SSS, because it was of no use.)
Simaw
Sinan/masinan
Sinit
Sugsog
Suysuyen - search with great effort. Example: Suysoy mo pa no siopa ra’y kakanayon tayo’d man.
Synonyms of mangiras (lazy): butaig (hardly moves even when needed), ilar, mailar, ambelat so laman (when one’s body feels too heavy to move to work); mailalo (expecting too much for others to do things for oneself)
Synonyms of maningas (breathing): sumikaer (laboring for breath), manpapanabos (gasping for one’s last breath)
Tabayawan – “to put cold water to hot water so as to temper or lower the temperature”
Talin - unapon; to possess one’s spirit; linmad arom ya pasen; wayward; liber-liber ya ag amta’y laen to
Tamukal
Tandag, Tandagan - look or gaze at something while on a higher vantage point; cf: Usdong - look down on; Takiling - look from a distance; Tangay - look up on; Siim - espy on
Tangkol
Tawtaw
Tekmel
Tibakyar
Tinggal
Tokor
Tonger
Tuwek
Umpikal - unalis, unurong paunlad byahe o arawin lugar
Unurong - unloob; papasok sa eskwelahan o trabaho
Uos
Usdong-bayukyok - no say tuo at nalmay ya ag la makaalagey o naalimangaw; singa mantrabaho ya anggad nasumpal to, parang cannot be disturbed; buneknek a mangkimey - no inggapo to ag unagwat o ag nabaat basta deretso’y trabaho; no nabanaingan so too
Uyong - sample fight between two animals; nayari met ed iuyong ya lake no unkaraw. Sige pa iuyong mo pa tay anak mo.
