He takes note of the following terms as part of Pangasinense cosmology and astronomy. (Other terms are from the book, Pangasinan: Pinablin Dalin by the Pangasinan Historical and Cultural Commission.)
Agew - sun
Baba'y Buaya (chin of crocodile) - constellation under the constellation of Taurus, probably the constellation of Cetus (sea monster in Greek mythology)
Baggakan - a red star (Mars?), one of two stars (the other being Makuyot) viewed together as a sign to predict the volume of rain during the rainy season or the yield of rice during harvest season
Baggakan - a red star (Mars?), one of two stars (the other being Makuyot) viewed together as a sign to predict the volume of rain during the rainy season or the yield of rice during harvest season
Balaís - the constellation Orion or the zodiac sign Sagittarius; also: crossbow or lance used as a weapon for war or hunting
Bëtuag a Simbangan (balance) - either a star or a constellation and described in Spanish as “Las del eje del Norte a Sur” or the axis of north and south
Bitëwën Babúy - planet Venus
Bitëwën Baluto - constellation described as resembling a ship
Bituen, Bitëwën - star
Bulan - moon
Bulayo, Bulayew - shooting star
Dalan/Dinalan na Biong nen Noe ("the path of Noah’s ark") - the Milky Way
Kabitëwënan - universe; constellation (group of stars)
Kabuntatala - morning star
Makabanglës - the star that appears on the western horizon at morning time
Makuyot - a big white star
Makabanglës - the star that appears on the western horizon at morning time
Makuyot - a big white star
Manipod or Mananipur - the star that appears the earliest on the western horizon as the sun sets
Maopo or Siete Cabrillas (seven goats in Spanish) - Pleiades
Nan-ikol a bitëwën - comet
Taí bitëwën - meteor or meteor shower
Tawen - heaven
Closer to home, so to speak, Pangasinenses also had terms for the different phases of bulan or the moon, Orpilla found out:
kakilat (waxing crescent moon)
lesek, balon bulan (new moon)
dalemdem (waning crescent moon)
siglem, sirlem (third quarter moon)
mansisiglem (waning gibbous moon)
tulaw/sulaw (full moon)
mansusulaw (waxing gibbous moon)
ombabaleg (first quarter moon)
Agew or sun is also the term for day, and the following are related expressions:
Onbubutay lay agew - the sun is rising
Onleletak lay agew - the sun is setting
Kaogoogtoay agew - mid-day
Alegsay lay agew - past mid-day
Pegtaw - half of the day
Kaligsay na agew - one pm
The people of Bayambang, in particular, are no different in their beliefs surrounding heavenly bodies. According to Glory G. Junio, 62 years old, of Brgy. Cadre Site, "No sulaw lay bulan, aga nayarin manames so tuo ta ampano natiris." (When it is full moon, you should not take a bath because you might go crazy.)
Julieta N. Alvarez, 48, of Brgy. Bacnono, believes that, "No say bulan et baleg, kapapaway na anyani." (When it is full moon, ghosts come out.)
Dominga C. Villanueva, 90, of Brgy. Bani avers that, "No say malukon atalaranan day bituwen ya binakwet, umpatey so anak da o sikaran duwa. (When the crescent moon has a star inside or the star is attached to the crescent moon, pregnant women who are laboring at the time will have bad luck. There is a possibility that her baby or both of them will die.)
Carmelita A. Macam, 66, of Brgy. Ligue believes that, "No paselek lay agew o bulan, aga nayarin mantanem iray dumaralos ta aga nabilay so itanem da." (When the moon or sun sets, the farmer should not plant because the plants will not grow.)
Ador C. Lomboy, 53, of Brgy. Tococ believes that, "No walay nanengneng mon tai na bituwen, ipikit moy matam insan unkerew kay pabor. Agka manduwaruway nunot ya gaween tan ta magmaliw a tuway kekerewen mo."
Julieta N. Alvarez, 48, of Brgy. Bacnono, believes that, "No say bulan et baleg, kapapaway na anyani." (When it is full moon, ghosts come out.)
Dominga C. Villanueva, 90, of Brgy. Bani avers that, "No say malukon atalaranan day bituwen ya binakwet, umpatey so anak da o sikaran duwa. (When the crescent moon has a star inside or the star is attached to the crescent moon, pregnant women who are laboring at the time will have bad luck. There is a possibility that her baby or both of them will die.)
Carmelita A. Macam, 66, of Brgy. Ligue believes that, "No paselek lay agew o bulan, aga nayarin mantanem iray dumaralos ta aga nabilay so itanem da." (When the moon or sun sets, the farmer should not plant because the plants will not grow.)
Ador C. Lomboy, 53, of Brgy. Tococ believes that, "No walay nanengneng mon tai na bituwen, ipikit moy matam insan unkerew kay pabor. Agka manduwaruway nunot ya gaween tan ta magmaliw a tuway kekerewen mo."
"Atay taiy bituwen so kamarerwa ya nanlapo ed purgatoryo. Nayari la ira ya unla ed tawen. Itdan to ka tan na swerte ed bilay mo." (A shooting star can bring you good luck when you make a wish. It is believed to represent souls that have been released from purgatory and are finally allowed to enter heaven.)
Carmelita C. Flores, 76, of Brgy. Zone 5 insists that "No say bulan et ampatuten toy agew, saray malukon, manames iray tuka ta piyan nasura tan agira nairapan ya mananak." (During a solar eclipse, a pregnant woman should take a bath of vinegar to avoid a difficult birth.)
Original Mappers: Rany S. Macam, Ericca J. Rosario, Glaiza Mae M. Flores, Jasmin T. Alvarez, Carla P. De Vera, Kenny Joy P. Lomboy
References: Melchor E. Orpilla, Facebook post, October 12, 2021, Alaminos City, Pangasinan; url: https://www.facebook.com/melchor.orpilla.1/posts/5277186398974894
Orpilla's Citations:
Cuyas, revised and enlarged by Llano, English-Spanish and Spanish-English Dictionary, 1943
Fernandez Cosgaya, Diccionario Pangasinan-Español, 1865
Lunario ed Salitay Pangasinan
Oral tradition
Santiago Villafania, personal communication
Carmelita C. Flores, 76, of Brgy. Zone 5 insists that "No say bulan et ampatuten toy agew, saray malukon, manames iray tuka ta piyan nasura tan agira nairapan ya mananak." (During a solar eclipse, a pregnant woman should take a bath of vinegar to avoid a difficult birth.)
Original Mappers: Rany S. Macam, Ericca J. Rosario, Glaiza Mae M. Flores, Jasmin T. Alvarez, Carla P. De Vera, Kenny Joy P. Lomboy
References: Melchor E. Orpilla, Facebook post, October 12, 2021, Alaminos City, Pangasinan; url: https://www.facebook.com/melchor.orpilla.1/posts/5277186398974894
Orpilla's Citations:
Cuyas, revised and enlarged by Llano, English-Spanish and Spanish-English Dictionary, 1943
Fernandez Cosgaya, Diccionario Pangasinan-Español, 1865
Lunario ed Salitay Pangasinan
Oral tradition
Santiago Villafania, personal communication
Pangasinan: Pinablin Dalin by the Pangasinan Historical and Cultural Commission, 2015
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