(Reposting an old article. Here's a quick comment: If we could reconstruct our forgotten but incredibly rich heritage in fishing gears, that would be a great museum exhibit.)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Farming and Fishing Implements in Pangasinan
A traditional dumaralos, managdalos, or managbangkag (peasant or farmer) has the duweg (carabao) and baka (cow) as constant companions. Local farming life is made possible with the help of these beasts of burden, coupled with a variety of farming implements.
The cow or carabao is often tied to a galosa (carabao sled) or kariton (cart).
When the farmer plants, the beasts are tied to a lukoy (wooden or iron plow), paku (yoke), and onor-onor (plow guide), and are made to drag the sagar (harrow for dry soil) and suyor or asway (harrow for dry and wet soil).
Other indispensable implements are the tabas (a slightly curved longish bolo for cutting), barang (bolo or machete), gamlang and palang (small blades for cutting wide swathes), palot (scythe), lasong tan alo (mortar and pestle), taltagan (giant mortar), karaykay (bamboo rake), wasay (axe for felling trees and chopping firewood), bareta (iron bar for digging), and simbangan (measuring balance).
A wooden rice storage box is called garong, and it is found at the kamalir (granary) placed at the back of the house.
Bayangbayang is an old native term for scarecrow and curiously sounds similar to the town's name.
Local basketry are made of bamboo, which include the baki or ubong na manok (a round chicken nest and a longer hexagonal shaped one used a chicken coop, both made of bamboo strips) and tiklis (a wide-mouthed bamboo fruit or vegetable container), buksot (large basket with four corners at its base), bigao (winnowing tray), pongkian (rice dispenser), and belyag (cooked rice container).
A long chicken feeder made of hollowed bamboo stem is called atutong.
Fishermen are called kumakalokor, tumataksay, sumasabukol, sumisigay, or sumasagap.
If the father is a fisherman, he will have a baloto (wooden boat) with begsay (long oar), kiwkiw (short oar), talakeb (bamboo fishing trap), balulang, sakupit, or babaku (fish baskets fashioned from bamboo strips), and tabal (white fish net). Another type of fishing boat with a trawl net is called taksay.
Sabukol (lambat) is a light white fishing net with buli or some other materials as weight.
Sigay is a larger fishing net, a funnel-shaped enclosure.
Tabal refers to a fish trap made of net with two poles at both ends, designed so that any fish that enters its hole can no longer escape.
Bangwit is fishing rod. Paleg is a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.
Lamos is balsa or raft.
A host of other local terms, especially those specific to the Mangabul area in Bayambang have been listed by Agustin F. Umali in his book, "Guide to the Classification of Fishing Gear in the Philippines," which was published in January 1950 by the US Government Printing Office.
alang - a lever net similar to the salambaw (Tagalog) which consists of a large dip net attached to two bamboo cross pieces. It is lowered and raised by a lever-like boom stepped to a bamboo raft.
baliwit (also Sambal) - a term for handlines
baloto – wooden bangka (Tagalog) or boat
balulang - a type of fish basket
banowit - general term for lines. Additional notes: Bangwit is also used to refer to the fishing rod. Paleg is a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.
bantak - a longline. Synonym: Kitang (Tag.).
banwit (also Bikol) - a term for handlines
begsay - a boat's long oar
kalaskas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net without a pocket. Usually made of sinamay, it is used with a scareline. Synonyms: Kulokutok or katigbi (Tag.).
kalukor - a cotton netting drag or beach seine which has no pocket.
kammang (also Ibanag; Iloko) - a gill net operated from a banca.
karik - a pole and line. Synonyms: Binwit or biwas (Tag.).
karukod - a drag seine without a pocket. Synonyms: Karudkod
kasag (also Iloko) - a rectangular drive-in net used with a scareline. Synonym: Kulokutok (Tag.); odaod (Ilk.).
kaskasag - a one-man rectangular lift net.
kayakas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net of sinamay into which reef species are driven with a kayakas (scareline). It is a local version of the muro-ami and also is similar to the bahan (Sam. Bis.). Synonym: Kayakas-boholano (Tag.).
kitang (also Tagalog; Iloko; Sambal) - general term for longlines
kiwkiw - a boat's short oar
daklis (also Iloko; Sambal) - a large beach or drag seine of cotton netting. Made with a bag or pocket, it is 100 to 150 fathoms long. It is smaller than the biray (Ilk.) but larger than the karukod (Ilk.). Synonyms: Sinsoro (Tag.-Sp.); pukot (Tag.); salap, baling, baring (Bis.).
lala (also Sambal) - a term for cast nets in general.
lama - fish shelter made of piles of debris. Synonyms: Bumbon (Tag.); rama (Ilk.); bombon (Pil.).
lamos - balsa (Tag.) or raft.
latule-patule - pole and line in which the pole (latule) is stuck into the mud of riverbanks. On the free end of the pole a kind of noisemaker (patule) made of a bamboo joint split at one end, is hung to attract the fisher man when the fish bites.
legma - a simple fish shelter constructed of debris. Synonyms: Lima or lama (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).
lima - simple fish shelter made of debris. Synonyms: Legma (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).
manarop-alamang - a triangularly framed sinamay push net for catching small shrimp. Synonym: Sakag (Tag.).
pakpak - cotton twine encircling gill net for taking sardines.
pakpet - a fish shelter used in the Mangabul fisheries. It consists of piles of debris from which the catch is made by various means. Synonym: Bumbon (Tag.).
palaylay - a drag seine similar to the karukod (Ilk.), operated with one wing payed out somewhat more offshore than the other. Synonym: Parayray (Pang.).
palubo - triangularly framed drive-in-net operated with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.)
palukso - fish trap for catching dalag. It is operated like a barricade in rivers, creeks, or openings of rice-field dikes when the water is being drained. It is fashioned of slanting, V-shaped split-bamboo matting into which the dalag leap.
pamalanak - a rectangular drive-in-net operated with a scareline for catching banak (mullet) in Bolinao.
paranyaki - a drift net used in San Fabian for catching slipmouth and goatfish. It measures 25-by 1-fathom. In other places in this province the term also refers to the lighted boat in a sapyaw outfit.
parayray - a beach seine in Bolinao which is operated with one wing somewhat offshore. In Alaminos and other places in it refers to a type of shallow-water fish corral that fishes during receding tide. In the former case, the term is synonymous to palaylay (Pang.), and in the latter, it is synonymous to pahubas (Bis.).
parigdig - a square lift net, measuring about 2 fathoms on each side, which is operated in rivers by four persons from four outposts. It is fished with or without the use of pulleys or blocks.
parukdok - a set pole and line for catching dalag and hito (mudfish). Live frogs, earthworms, and fish are used for bait, and the gear is left overnight without attention.
pasabing (also Iloko) - general term for fish corrals in and the Iloko provinces. It is a larger and a more complicated affair than the tarek (Ilk.). Synonyms: Baklad (Tag.); sagkad (Bik.); bunuan (Bis.); bunsod (Seb. Bis.); pasaging or pasaking (Iban.).
pasabing-duble – a river fish corral consisting of two diverging wings and two collecting chambers which lead into each other. The terminal compartment forms the collecting crib.
pasabing-ordinaryo - a common type of shallow-water fish corral in which the catch is brailed out of the collecting pound by dip nets.
pasabing-sa-balanak - a fish corral for catching balanak (mullet). Generally set in rivers, this corral is provided with a landing platform. In this type it is usually necessary to drive the fish into the trap.
pasabing-sa-malaga - a fish corral for taking malaga (siganids) in Bolinao.
pasabing-sensilyo - a typical river fish corral similar to pasabing-duble (Ilk.), except that the terminal collecting crib is located on one side of the semicircular antechamber
pasbang - large river fish traps placed across the mouth of Dagupan River for catching fish migrating upstream with the rising tide. Each consists of two bamboo rafts built in V-shaped fashion, with an elevated platform and a sinamay bag for the collecting portion. Synonym: Pasagang (Ilk.).
pasbang-duble - two sets of the pasbang, using three bamboo rafts and two collecting bags in order to fish on both stages of the tide.
pasbang-sensilyo - the simple style of operating the pas bang. Only one collecting bag is used, and it is fished during only one stage of the tide. Synonyms: Pasbang (Pang.); pasabang (Ilk.).
patapat - fish shelter used particularly for shrimp. It consists of anchored piles of twigs and debris, and the catch is made by means of a push net. Synonym: Bumbon (Tag.).
patudan - a pole and line.
paturaw (also Iloko) - a set pole and line for catching dalag. Baited with a live frog, the gear is left for some time unattended.
payakyak - a two-chambered fish corral constructed in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water in Lake Mangabul, Bayambang, Province. It consists of a series of fish weirs almost connected to each other by a winglike leader set across the entire width of a creek. This gear fishes during the receding water after the rainy season.
penir - a fish corral constructed on a river bank. Two wings are set perpendicular to the single chamber so as to close completely that particular portion of the stream and catch fish with the receding water. This may also be classified as a barricade. Synonym: Populitin
piner (also Samar) - a river fish corral made with two wings and a collecting crib but no leader. The function of a leader is usually performed by one or both wings. Synonym: Bunuhan (Tag.).
pisga (also Iloko) - a fish spear or harpoon fished from a raft.
populitin - a one-chambered river fish corral or barricade set on one side of the stream with two wings constructed perpendicular to the enclosure, but parallel to the bank, so as to catch fish during ebb. This also may be merely staked bamboo mattings enclosing a definite portion of the stream along its bank in order to effect the capture of fish during receding water. Synonym: Penir (Pang.).
puket (also Iloko) - a set filter net for catching ipon (goby fry) along gradually shelving sandy shores near river mouths in the northern provinces. It is made either of sinamay or of coarse cotton cloth. Synonym: Tanggar (Ilk.).
payakyak - a two-chambered fish corral constructed in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water in Lake Mangabul, Bayambang. It consists of a series of fish weirs almost connected to each other by a winglike leader set across the entire width of a creek. This gear fishes during the receding water after the rainy season.
sabukol - cast nets used in Pangasinan. Synonyms: dala (Tag.); laya (Bis.); tabukol (Ilk.); ataraya (Sa.-Sp.; T. Sug.-Sp.); lala (Samb.). Additional note: It is a light white fishing net with buli or some other materials as weight.
sakupit - a type of fish basket
salambaw - a rectangular lift net used in rivers. One side is supported by poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, and the opposite side is held by two men from a platform built along one side of the river. It is fished like a blanket net. Synonym: Salambaw-parigdig (Pang.).
salambaw-bugton - a triangularly framed lift net operated by only one man.
salambaw-inalong - a stationary lift net. Rectangular in form, it is set near the bank with the anchored side attached to two poles toward midstream. The opposite hauling side is manipulated by two retrieving lines from a sheltered bamboo platform toward the river bank. “Alalong” means watch tower.
salambaw-parigdig - a rectangular lift net weighted at each In operation, one side is tied to two poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, while the opposite side is held by two men from a bamboo plat form on the river bank. Fishing this gear resembles the blanket net operation. Synonym: Salambaw (Pang.).
salapyao - fishing boat with net
salyang - a lift net for catching crabs. It is small, square, coarse meshed, and mounted on split bamboo crosspieces. It is baited before being fished. Synonyms: Bintol (Pil.); bentoy (Ban. Bis.); sellem (Ilk.; Iban.).
saplar (also Iloko; Ibanag) - a staked filter net for taking shrimp. Synonym: Saplad (Pil.).
sariwsiw - a set lift net of triangular shape mounted on two collapsible bamboo crosspieces. It is operated like a drive-in-net with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.).
sayring - a small trawl net operated from two anchored boats. The net is dragged in grounds where fish shelters have been placed a few days beforehand. The debris composing the shelters is cleared before the net is used.
sigay - a large fishing net, a funnel-shaped enclosure, usually used in the open sea.
siklong - a one-bamboo-joint crab trap operated with a bow-and trigger controlled trap door for catching land crabs as they crawl from their burrows. Synonyms: Patibong (Tag.; Ban. Bis.); sarading (Kuy.); lagpit (Il. Bis.).
siid (also Tagalog) - a small , low, heart-shaped pot-like trap used chiefly for catching clariid catfish (hito). Made of bamboo matting and baited, it is designed with a nonreturn device. Synonyms: Umang, dakikong, bakikong (Tag.).
siir - A set pole and line in which the short pole is stuck in the ground. It does not require constant attention.
siir-na-alalo - a set pole and line for catching alalo (climbing perch) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang, Province.
siir-na-paltat - a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang
silew-a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Province. Synonym: Siir-na-paltat (Pang.).
silot - a deep-water tuck seine operated from a boat. Its meshes are wider than those of the karukod or daklis (Ilk.; Pang.).
siwasiw - a pole and line for catching dalag. Live frog bait is used, and the gear is swung continuously back and forth.
tabal - in the inland fisheries of Mangabul, this refers to a gill net with or without sinkers. In the sea fisheries of Pangasinan, the term refers to a small-meshed drag seine operated in waters 1 fathom or less in depth. Additional note: In San Carlos City, tabal also refers to a fish trap made of net with two poles at both ends, designed so that any fish that enters its hole can no longer escape.
tabal-kon-bato - a submerged set gill net with a weighted ground line and a floatline of saluyot strings.
tabal-kon-paltaw - a floating set gill net, with floats on the cork line, which is used in pelagic fishing.
tabal-grande - a small-meshed drag seine used in waters 15 fathoms or more in depth.
tabal-pikinyo - a small drag seine fished in waters less than 142 fathoms deep.
tabar - a drift net operated in the inland-water fisheries of Bayambang
taksay (also Pilipino) - a small trawl net operated from an anchored banca in grounds where fish shelters have been set some days before. The ground is cleared of debris before the net is dragged. In Province, fish are either driven into the net, which is set against the current, or swept from the ground when the net is pulled to the banca. In Manila Bay no shelters are used, but the net is dragged along the grounds toward the banca by pulling the towing ropes attached to each wing. In Panay the term refers to a sinamay drag or beach seine.
talakeb - a subcylindrical bamboo cover pot used to cover fish in muddy inland ground. This is sometimes used with light. Synonym: Salakab (Tag.).
talapang-de-balat - a drag seine used in Alaminos for gathering balat (sea cucumber).
tapangan (also Tagalog; Sambal; Aklan Bisaya) - a baited cylindrical bamboo fish pot for catching crabs. The splints are matted in parallel series over hoops, with the two ends tapering slightly. Each end is provided with a circular opening guarded by a nonreturn valve. This gear is very similar to the kimpot (Kap.), except that the latter has only one valve.
tapsay (also Iloko) - a trawl net operated from an anchored banca. Synonym: Taksay (Pil.).
tuel - a river fish corral which has a bamboo platform as the collecting portion. Synonym: Palukso (Tag.).
No comments:
Post a Comment