How to Cook the Local Version of Pakbet

 How to Cook the Local Version of Pinakbet

Pinakbet (pi/nak/’bət) or pakbet is, without a doubt, the Pangasinense's comfort food. It has that peculiar blend of flavors that Ilocanos and Pangasinenses love, even though it comes off as a strange melange to the uninitiated: salty, sour, bitter, slightly sweet, grassy/herbal, creamy, and full of umami.

This humble dish is easy to make. With served in the most ordinary days, cravings for the familiar flavors of home are satisfied in every bite without being cloying.

The local version uses a recipe with this particular set of preferences: Eggplants are preferably the pale-colored, bulb-shaped variety (balbalosa). The ampalaya (bitter melon/gourd) is the dwarf, a lot more bitter variety. Tomatoes are preferably the pumpkin-looking one called tres cantos. Onion is preferably lasuna (shallot) and garlic preferably the small variety grown in Ilocos.

Locals are very particular with the bagoong. It has to be the dark reddish-brown, salt-cured anchovy-based variety from Lingayen (bagoong/inasin a monamon).

Ginger, crushed, is also indispensable.

The optional ingredients are green pepper (the long green sili/finger chili), topped; bagnet, lechon kawali, roasted or fried fish, or parboiled pork with a generous portion of fat, also topped.

Vegetable oil is used if the sautéing step is preferred.

The older generation preferred squeezing everything together inside a clay pot (sayap, palayok) -- the harder ingredients first, then the easy-cooking ones at the top -- and then, using firewood, boil everything together with bagoong until the whole thing turns into an almost amorphous blob of green, red, and various shades of brown.

Some prefer sauteing the pre-boiled meat, onion, garlic, tomatoes, and the other vegetables first, then drowning the whole thing with water, but purists frown upon this step. They prefer plain boiling with just a little water until the broth is brought to near reduction and the vegetables get shrunk in size, for this is where the term pakbet or pinakbet comes from: the original word pinakubet (Pangasinan) means "shrunk" or "shriveled." The sayap is carefully shaken (isintak) to make sure the vegetables are mixed in the desired degree, i.e., without crushing the vegetables. Mixing the dish with a ladle supposedly turns the ampalaya overly bitter.

Oftentimes, the tomatoes are added in later after the pot is brought to a boil or the eggplants will not reach the desired stage of wilting.

A crucial step in cooking pinakbet is the addition of bagoong. Separately in a deep bowl, about two tablespoons of bagoong monamon are diluted with some of the boiling stock, stirred until the bits of bagoong fish (anchovies) are dissolved, then poured into the pot, with the fish bones strained using a sapitan (strainer). This step is called panag-sagsag (sagsagan, sinagsagan), with sagsag as the root word, referring to the use of bagoong as flavor-enhancing agent.

Other optional vegetable ingredients include diced camote (sweet potato, preferably yellow variety, for use as salt buffer and to lend some sweetness), okra, saluyot, patani seeds (to lend a particular fragrance), segmented malunggay pods, and winged beans or sigarilyas. Cabbage wedges also work nicely.

Leftover adobo would be a good substitute for bagnet as sambong or sahog (a term used to refer to the main protein ingredient that enhances the flavor of the dish). If there is none, boiled pork cuts or pre-fried bangus (milkfish) will do, or even chicharron (pork cracklings). Shrimps may also be used as sambong.

Served a bit overcooked, pakbet is eaten with a steaming mound of rice. Pinakbet tastes even better with sauteed fish buro as side dish.

Kalabasa (squash) and sitaw are often the 'deal-breaker' in this recipe, for once these are added, and the bagoong used is bagoong alamang (shrimp paste), the dish is no longer called pinakbet but bulanglang, which is even more open to additional ingredients (patola, sitaw tops, etc.).

“Galikin” or “Aligando” (Traditional Pangasinan Christmas Carol)

According to Roman Catholic priest Immanuel Escaño, as interviewed and published in the national broadsheet Philippine Daily Inquirer dated January 9, 2012, “galikin” is perhaps the oldest and longest Pangasinan song that tells the story of Jesus Christ from conception to birth. 

The word “galikin” came from the Pangasinan word “galicayo” which means “come over here.” The song normally lasts for 19 minutes and is sung usually on January 6, the Feast of the Ephiphany (“Three Kings”) and is intended to be sung at night until early morning when everyone is fast asleep. Carolers visit some selected houses and after singing they are given some money by the house owners.

The composer of the song is unknown but it is believed to have been composed during the Spanish times when the influence of Mexican music was strong and is evident from the song.

The culture-bearer interviewed said that they usually perform their “caroling” even at the nearby town of Malasiqui where it is also patronized there. She said she learned it from some old folks during her younger days and she tasked herself to commit the song to memory while she was still young.

There are hardly “manag-galikin” nowadays as it is losing out to modern music. “Galikin” or “aligando” is performed only during cultural festivals in the province such as the provincial government’s “Balitok a Taoir” (Golden Heritage).

“Galikin” is also at the center of the premier festival maintained by the pilgrimage town of Manaoag, Pangasinan called the “Galicayo Festival” and held every first week of December. “Aligando” is the term used for the longer version, which is a corruption of the Spanish aguinaldo (meaning gift), and it is still performed during the provincial government’s “Balitok a Taoir” (Golden Heritage) Cultural Festival.

It is arguably one of the oldest and longest Pangasinan (if not Filipino song) song telling the story of the birth of Jesus Christ.

Since it is written and sung in the Pangasinan language, the music and the depth of the Pangasinan words used in the lyric can be seen.

As with Christmas caroling, “galikin” usually is a social activity rekindling the bond among friends, neighbors, and families.

Apart from the aforementioned events, the “galikin” and “manag-galikin” are becoming a rarity nowadays in the province as they are losing out to modern music.

Galikin

Masantos tan mablin oras 

So inter na Dyus laoas 

Ombangon itin misalamat 

Ombangon itin misalamat 

Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak 

Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak 

Ombangon itin onliing 

Agagi mi'ran ami-amin 

Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin 

Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin 

So ari'd taoen tan dalin 

So ari'd taoen tan dalin 

(Ebat ed Galikin)

Galikin 

Galikin Kapastorisan 

Gali kayon 

Gali kayon manangigalang 

Ed ari ra'y 

Ed ari ra'y kataoaenan 

A dia'd Belen so nianakan 

A dia'd Belen so nianakan 

(Ebat ed Biteoen)

Biteoen Biteoen kan pinmanengneng 

Diman ed 

Diman ed letaka'y agew 

Sikato 'ma'y 

Sikato 'ma'y tumtumbuken 

Na talo'ran ararin kuanen 

Na talo'ran ararin kuanen 

Ta nen baleg la’y lokun to 

Nen Marian ma-Divino 

Linma ya dinalaw to 

Linma ya dinalaw to 

Si Isabel a kapinsan to 

Si Isabel a kapinsan to 

Sakey ya anghil so dinmago 

San Gabriel so ngaran to 

Bang say kuan ton angibano 

Bang say kuan ton angibano 

Ave Marian ma-Divino 

Ave Marian ma-Divino 

Galikin (4x)

Nen usto lan siam bulan 

So lokun nen Marian malalang 

Pinakna na Kataoan 

Pinakna na Kataoan 

A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan 

A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan 

Bang balet so naisipan 

Nen arin Herodes ya kuan 

Nanpabando’d nanarian 

Nanpabando’d nanarian 

Ed sakop ton panuuleyan 

Ed sakop ton panuuleyan 

Et nadngel dayan intaoag 

Di San Joseph tan Marian mapalar 

Pinmaoil la’ran maganat 

Pinmaoil la’ran maganat 

Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat 

Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat 

Ta nila ran amin lanti 

So kakanayon dan dili 

Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi 

Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi 

Ya mamasegep no nayari 

Ya mamasegep no nayari 

Say oalna’y too nen saman 

Laut la’d saray mamayaman 

Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y 

Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y 

Kakanayon dan masegsegang 

Kakanayon dan masegsegang 

Dia’d labin alay betel 

Panaon la’y malinaew 

Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng 

Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng 

A kamalir a dirindingen 

A kamalir a dirindingen 

Esposa kuan ton sinmingger 

Diman ita la ondaoes 

Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep 

Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep 

Itepel la’y betel a baleg 

Itepel la’y betel a baleg 

Diman so pinonta ra 

Si San Joseph tan si Maria 

Oala’y atotong na baka 

Oala’y atotong na baka 

Ya amarokolan to la 

Ya amarokolan to la 

Dia’d pegley na labin mas 

Ya mareen la’ra’y lapag 

Kapagdaka ton inianak 

Kapagdaka ton inianak 

So masurin Dyus Anak 

So masurin Dyus Anak 

Osang, dika’y amarokolan 

Ed Mesias ya malalang 

Masiado’y betel ed saman 

Masiado’y betel ed saman 

Ya nilikna na Kataoan 

Ya nilikna na Kataoan 

Masiado’y karumsisan 

Na kamalir a nananakan 

Salambengat kaabigan 

Salambengat kaabigan 

Ta anghilis so amayamay 

Ta anghilis so amayamay 

Anghilis tan Serafinis 

Ya pari saray pastoris 

Oadman iran arasdasig 

Oadman iran arasdasig 

Ed marumsis a kamalir 

Ed marumsis a kamalir 

Bangnen oalo’ra’y agew to 

Impangalsiman to’y anak to 

Et bang say impangingaran to 

Et bang say impangingaran to 

Manuel Salvador del Mundo 

Manuel Salvador del Mundo 

Anem agew so binilang 

Sikato la’y tinandaan 

Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw 

Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw 

Ya rigalo so isaklang 

Ya rigalo so isaklang 

Sarama’y ararin talo 

Nagsi-aoit ira’y rigalo 

Mira, balitok tan balsamo 

Mira, balitok tan balsamo 

Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño 

Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño 

Bang say aoit nen San Melchor 

Sama’y masurin balitok 

Ya intalaga ton innonot 

Ya intalaga ton innonot 

Ed Marian masantos 

Ed Marian masantos 

Et bang sa aoit nen San Gaspar 

Sama’y mira lambengat 

Irigalo to’d Mesias 

Irigalo to’d Mesias 

Ya oadman a kapanianak 

Ya oadman a kapanianak 

Bang say aoit nen San Baltazar 

Sama’y balsamo lambengat 

Ninonot ton ibagat 

Ninonot ton ibagat 

Ed sankablian a Mesias 

Ed sankablian a Mesias 

Si Herodes anengneng to ‘ra 

So sarama’y ararin talo’ra 

Say kuan ton nansalita 

Say kuan ton nansalita 

Seseñoris onsamar ki pa 

Seseñoris onsamar ki pa 

Ta no kablian yon talo 

Mapatnag ta arari kayo 

Tabi pa ed kablian yo 

Tabi pa ed kablian yo 

No iner so laen yo 

No iner so laen yo 

Ebat da’y talo’ran arari 

Si Jesus so dalaoen mi 

Ta inanak la kono lanti 

Ta inanak la kono lanti 

So ari’y ganagana’y ari 

So ari’y ganagana’y ari 

Arin Herodes mannonot ka 

Ta ondalaw itin magano 

Ta nianak la kono lanti 

Ta nianak la kono lanti 

Onangob iti’d sali to 

Onangob iti’d sali to 

Inkua’y Herodes ed sikara 

Natan ag ak makapila 

Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa 

Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa 

Kanian natan onona kila 

Kanian natan onona kila 

No sata’y kuan yon ari 

Ya anak a maung a bii 

Inkapoli to met lagi 

Inkapoli to met lagi 

A taoir to’d laki to tan bai 

A taoir to’d laki to tan bai 

Ta bang pano ompaoil kayo la 

Say kuan ko ta onsamar kayo dia 

Ta siak balet so onla 

Ta siak balet so onla 

Ta inanak la kasin tua 

Ta inanak la kasin tua 

Dia’d satan iman mas la’ra’ 

So sarama’y ararin talo’ra 

Et bang say tinumbok da 

Et bang say tinumbok da 

Sama’y sindag na lioaoa 

Sama’y sindag na lioaoa 

Ed bang nen onsabi ‘ra 

Ed kaoalaa’y Birhin Maria 

Tampol angigalang ira 

Tampol angigalang ira 

Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da 

Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da 

Say komaduan inggalang da 

Si San Joseph tan si Maria 

Agay kala Maria kuan da 

Agay kala Maria kuan da 

Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa 

Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa 

Nen ayari la’ran angigalang 

So sarama’y ararin kinuan 

Labay da mas la’y ompikal 

Labay da mas la’y ompikal 

Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan 

Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan 

Taynan mi kila Kataoan 

Ag mo kami lilingoanan 

Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan 

Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan 

Sikato’y itarok mi natan 

Sikato’y itarok mi natan 

Nen manaakar la’ra 

So sarama’y ararin talo’ra 

Getma ya samaren da 

Getma ya samaren da 

Si Herodes ya maruksa 

Si Herodes ya maruksa 

Sakey ya anghil a manuna 

So pinmayaoar ed sikara 

Say kuan to ompaoil kila 

Say kuan to ompaoil kila 

Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa 

Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa 

Say ayari laoari’d nonot da 

Si Herodes so samaren da 

Anghil balet so angibaga 

Anghil balet so angibaga 

Ya aleg ya onsamar ira 

Ya aleg ya onsamar ira 

Dia’d saman a pantatalaran 

Nen arin Herodes a duksaan 

Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan 

Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan 

Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan 

Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan

KEY INFORMANT/S:

Mrs. Avelina Palisoc Perez (Tia Bibit), a 66-year old resident of Tambac, Bayambang, Pangasinan

REFERENCE/S AND OTHER RESOURCES:  

https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galiken

www.pressreader.com

NAME OF PROFILER/MAPPER: 

Mr. Ian Michel L. Datuin

Mrs. Rebecca C. Manzano

Reinelle Viette C. Junio

Jochelle P. Rivera

Sheila Mae G. Perez

Alcella Anne D. Junio 

DATE PROFILED:  June 2, 2019

Gipang-Making in Amanperez

Gipang is a dark, crunchy, and sweet treat that reportedly originated in Brgy. Amanperez, this town. Part-pinipig and part-pop rice, it comes in a brick shape and sold in separate plastic bags in the market.

According to the residents there, they have been making gipang since they were young, and that the tradition of making gipang goes back to their ancestors. According to their own estimate, commercial production started in the 1950s-1960s, when all households in the barrio produced or cooked gipang.

In Rosita Manlongat de Vera's makeshift production area, it can be seen that gipang is essentially made of deremen, the glutinous rice that is toasted at immature stage and blackened with charcoal, giving it a smoky flavor, and traditionally used on All Saints' Day to make a rice cake called inlubi, which is cooked in honor of the dearly departed.

To make gipang, she said, the deremen is made into binotang deremen, deremen that is puffed a bit by frying it in oil with molten molasses on an arms-length flatbed steel fryer and, once done, the whole thing is quickly partitioned into blocks and hauled off. Timing is reportedly important, so as to achieve the desired degree of doneness. The result is an interesting combination of flavors and consistency: chewy, crunchy, smoky and sweet at the same time. Like pinipig, though not flattened into flakes, this greenish-gray treat is often used as topping in halo-halo or eaten as is.

It is also being sold outside of the town.

Rice Cracker-Making in Sancagulis

An unassuming house in Brgy. Sancagulis has been producing rice crackers since the '80s.

According to Romulo Castillo, President of the Sancagulis Multi-Purpose Cooperative which owns the mini-factory, he and his coworkers found themselves laid off from their job in Bulacan as fish cracker factory workers in the '80s. They went back home to Sancagulis with no idea what to do for gainful employment when it occurred to them to put into good use their knowledge and experience in making fish crackers.

During President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's administration, Castillo and company decided to seek the help of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). They learned about its Adjustment Measure Program or AMP, which is "a safety net program that provides package of assistance and other forms of intervention as a means of helping workers and companies cope with economic and social disruptions." To avail of the program, the Sancagulis residents decided to pool their resources and form a workers' organization and have it accredited.

Duly registered in 2005 with 124 members, the organization was able to procure P1.1 million in DOLE assistance. On top of this, the Department of Science and Technology also stepped into the picture, providing help in packaging and labeling the product.

This is how the Sancagulis rice cracker was born.

The product was well-received by the locals. Public market stalls and sari-sari store owners eventually carried the product among the items they sold.

The no-fish, no-gluten cracker comes in three varieties: plain (orange color and curly shaped), turmeric (yellow and square-shaped), and spicy.

The cracker is indeed made of plain rice but it is fortified with some corn and cassava. The fortified ground rice is first steamed, then run through a food processor to flatten it and remove excess water, and then fried and finally dried out in the sun.

As of 2018, the factory employs 20 people working in shifts.

Carrying the barangay’s name, it can’t be helped that the Sancagulis rice cracker is now closely associated with the place. But with their clientele reaching as far as places outside town where beer drinkers are looking for some cheap pulutan (bar chow), it comes as no surprise that the Sancagulis rice cracker eventually got associated with the town of Bayambang itself.

Binis na Minas (Yaman ng Minas)

 Binis na Minas (Yaman ng Minas)

(Natural Resources: Bodies of Water)

Minas is formerly a mining site in Brgy. Sapang that has turned into a pond. Located near the old train railway system, the area is in the middle of farmlands planted with corn and rice, native trees and shrubs. Located a bit far from the main road, it can only be reached via a muddy and steep drive.

Approximately 270 square meters in area and at times up to 40 feet in depth, it is a private property but it is open to the public for swimming and fishing. It is currently under the supervision of Mr. Rudy C. Taguiang, the caretaker of the site for more than six years.

Currently the pond is only about 15-20 feet deep but still rich in fish such as tilapia, hito, and dalag. According to the locals, the water in Minas never runs out even during the dry season. Nearby residents can still harvest up to one banyera of fish.

The pond is used for bathing farm animals as well.

During the Japanese period, a group of Japanese men reportedly visited the area, and it served as their hide-out where they attempted to bury a treasure. Years passed, and information about this hidden treasure circulated around the area. A Filipino man named Franklin, together with his Japanese companions, reportedly were the very first to recover the treasure. They used different equipment to mine the treasure that lay underneath the grounds of Sapang. According to the elders in the area, the group of miners offered a sacrifice in exchange for the wealth -- the life of a young girl -- because it was strongly believed that, in order to acquire the treasure, a sacrifice was needed. After successfully doing so, they took off with the riches.

According to Taguiang, a young maiden now serves as a “bantay” (invisible guardian) and protects the area. Cases of drowning had taken place here, however, but there were no reported accidents other than those. Most recently, another group of miners allgedly attempted to acquire the treasure that was left beneath Minas.

The area around Minas is a calming vision of grasslands and pockets of wide spaces where one can enjoy fresh, cool breeze. Visitors use this site as location for photoshoots and landscape photography.

The Minas also serves as a catchbasin during the rainy season and thus helps control the ocassional flooding in the community and nearby barangays.

KEY INFORMANT/S: Mr. Rody C. Taguiang; 75 years old, caretaker of Minas

NAME OF PROFILER/MAPPER: Mrs. Rowena A. Delos Reyes, Ms. Jamilla S. Karim, Kirsten Gail G. Duque, Mica Pontaoe, Mikka Dianne Soriano, Rochelle Verseles, Jan Ivy Taluban

DATE PROFILED: June 9, 2019

Pangasinan Cosmological Beliefs

 (Note: I am not sure if these are native and/or widely held beliefs in our town.)

Pangasinan Cosmological Beliefs

(Knowledge and Practices Concerning Nature and the Universe)

• No sulaw lay bulan, aga nayarin manames so tuo ta ampano natiris.

(When it is full moon, you should not take a bath because you might go crazy.)

• No say bulan et baleg, kapapaway na anyani.

(When it is full moon, ghosts come out.)

• No say malukon atalaranan day bituwen ya binakwet, umpatey so anak da o sikaran duwa.

When the crescent moon has a star inside or the star is attached to the crescent moon, pregnant women who are laboring at the time will be having bad luck. There is a possibility that her baby or both of them will die.

• No paselek lay agew o bulan, aga nayarin mantanem iray dumaralos ta aga nabilay so itanem da.

(When the moon or sun sets, the farmer should not plant because the plants will not grow.)

• No walay nanengneng mon tai na bituwen, ipikit moy matam insan unkerew kay pabor. Agka manduwaruway nunot ya gaween tan ta magmaliw a tuway kekerewen mo. Atay taiy bituwen so kamarerwa ya nanlapo ed purgatoryo. Nayari la ira ya unla ed tawen. Itdan to ka tan na swerte ed bilay mo.

(A shooting star can bring you good luck when you make a wish. It is believed to represent souls that have been released from purgatory and are finally allowed to enter heaven.)

• No say bulan et ampatuten toy agew, saray malukon, manames iray tuka ta piyan nasura tan agira nairapan ya mananak.

(It is believed that when the moon is carrying the sun, a pregnant woman should take a bath of vinegar to avoid a difficult birth.)

KEY INFORMANTS: Name: Glory G. Junio (Sulaw)

Age: 62 years old

Address: Brgy. Cadre Site

Name: Carmilita A. Macam (Paselek)

Age: 66 years old

Address: Brgy. Ligue

Name: Dominga C. Villanueva (Bituwen ya Binakwet)

Age: 90 years old

Address: Brgy. Bani

Name: Ador C. Lomboy (Tai na Bituwen)

Age: 53 years old

Address: Brgy. Tococ

Name: Carmelita C. Flores (Inampatot na Bulan so Agew)

Age: 76 years old

Address: Brgy. Zone 5

Name: Julieta N. Alvarez (Baleg ya Bulan)

Age: 48 years old

Address: Brgy. Bacnono

PROFILERS/MAPPERS: Rany S. Macam, Ericca J. Rosario, Glaiza Mae M. Flores, Jasmin T. Alvarez, Carla P. De Vera, Kenny Joy P. Lomboy

DATE PROFILED: February 11, 2019

TEACHER: MR. CHRISTOPHER Q. GOZUM

BAYAMBANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2nd semester subject

S.Y. 2019-2019

Magantil: Synonyms

Vulgar Pangasinan words for malandi, maharot (Tagalog) or flirt (English) are a dime a dozen, with magantil being the most often used. 

These are as follows: ag makareen, aga makareen, aga mandeen ed abong, agnasabaan so liket to (this has a slightly different meaning, though, similar to mandyalteng and gumarangandyang), anggatel, aterew, biga ya apaliberan, ansasabot, burikak, enteremis, garampingat, gumarampingat, gumaraigi, gumarampam, gumarangandyang, gumayanggan, hostes, innginew ed lukon, itagey to lay ikol to, kakablit, kayang-kayang, kumarigking, langoy-langoy ed danom, magali, maganon nalukonan, magaryet, magaslaw, magatel, magayar, maibeg, makakaasawa la, makiwit, manarastang, manariba no anggapoy bulog, manaringgotel, manbolangit, mandyalteng, mangalaw, mangarakngak, mangarampang, mangaryet, mangeget, mangirgir, mankanyang, mankarastang, mankarekket, mankasta, mankulagtot, manlikliket ya maong, manlugabya, manlugobya(?), manmamaya, manpanta, mansalampiaw, mansalandet, mansalawsaw, mansalokabkab, mansalti, kumatitiwa, singa kiti-kiti, mantalandew, mansarabalti, mansarampitiw, sumarampitiw?, mansayandet, mansayet, mansugampi, mantalikarkar, mantorset, mantursit, marursit, masagabpa?, matalibawbaw, matetew (tetew refers to clitoris), ongagatel (getting itchy), paakar a bao (vag*na afflicted with wanderlust?), paarap, pakakak, pakangkang, pampam, patakkok, sagsarit, sakey kablit labat, sarsarit, singa ason mangkasta, singa orang ya kapan-akir ed dayat, manlukso, singa pusa ya kinantaw, sumagigi, sumagilgil, sumaltiit, sumarampiting, mansarampiting, sumarampitiw, sumayet, talampiaw, talampyaw, mantalampiyaw, talandew, mantalandew, talawetew, tarewtew, tewatew, tolderesit?, talandit, tumalandit, matalandit, mantalandit, mantulandit, tumarit-tit.

The unusual variation obviously points to the fact we Pangasinenses scoff so much at a person (usually a woman) we consider to be an ill-mannered flirt, coquettish, or generally indecorous because we value propriety so badly, especially sexual propriety, no doubt due to our Catholic/Christian upbringing.

Sources: members of Bayambang Culture Mapping Facebook page, Saray Taga Pangasinan Facebook page

***

Glossary

ag makareen, aga makareen, 

aga mandeen ed abong, 

agnasabaan so liket to (this has a slightly different meaning, though, similar to mandyalteng and gumarangandyang), 

anggatel, 

aterew, 

biga ya apaliberan, 

ansasabot, 

burikak, 

enteremis, 

garampang

garampingat, gumarampingat, 

gumaraigi, 

gumarampam, 

gumarangandyang, 

gumayanggan, 

hostes, 

innginew ed lukon, 

itagey to lay ikol to, 

kakablit - kalabitin; poke-friendly?

kayang-kayang, 

kumarigking, 

langoy-langoy ed danom, 

magali, 

maganon nalukonan, 

magantil, 

magaryet, 

magaslaw, 

magatel, 

magayar,

maibeg, 

makakaasawa la, 

makiwit, 

manarastang, 

manariba no anggapoy bulog, 

manaringgotel, 

manbolangit, 

mandyalteng, 

mangalaw, 

mangarakngak, 

mangarampang, 

mangaryet, 

mangeget, 

mangirgir, 

mankanyang, 

mankarastang, 

mankarekket, 

mankasta, 

mankukuyakoy

mankulagtot, 

manlikliket ya maong, 

manlugabya, manlugobya?

manmamaya, 

manpanta, 

mansalampiaw, 

mansalandet, 

mansalawsaw, 

mansalipawpaw

mansalokabkab, 

mansalti, 

kumatitiwa, 

singa kiti-kiti, 

mantalandew, 

mansarabalti, 

mansarampitiw, sumarampitiw?, 

mansayandet, 

mansayet, 

mansugampi, 

mantalikarkar, 

mantorset, mantursit, 

marursit, 

masagabpa?, 

matalibawbaw, 

matetew (tetew refers to clitoris), 

ongagatel, 

paakar a bao, 

paarap, 

pakakak, 

pakangkang, 

pampam, 

patakkok, 

sagsarit, sarsarit, 

sakey kablit labat - isang kalabit lang (just one poke away)

singa ason mangkasta, 

singa orang ya kapan-akir ed dayat, manlukso, 

singa pusa ya kinantaw, 

sumagigi, 

sumagilgil, 

sumaltiit, 

sumarampiting, mansarampiting,

sumarampitiw

sumayet - this appears to be an Ilocano word too; a neologism variant is mahihinayet, a coinage from the Tagalog mahinhin (demure) + sumayet (malandi), so it means "mukhang mahinhin pero malandi naman" (looks demure or coy but actually a flirt)

talampiaw, talampyaw, mantalampiyaw, 

talandew, mantalandew, 

talawetew, 

tarewtew, 

tewatew, 

tolderesit?, 

talandit, tumalandit, matalandit, mantalandit, mantulandit, 

tumarit-tit, 

umbabasa la

unaalinyada la

ngagatel lamet

Farming and Fishing Implements in Pangasinan

(Reposting an old article. Here's a quick comment: If we could reconstruct our forgotten but incredibly rich heritage in fishing gears, that would be a great museum exhibit.)

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Farming and Fishing Implements in Pangasinan

A traditional dumaralos, managdalos, or managbangkag (peasant or farmer) has the duweg (carabao) and baka (cow) as constant companions. Local farming life is made possible with the help of these beasts of burden, coupled with a variety of farming implements.

The cow or carabao is often tied to a galosa (carabao sled) or kariton (cart).

When the farmer plants, the beasts are tied to a lukoy (wooden or iron plow), paku (yoke), and onor-onor (plow guide), and are made to drag the sagar (harrow for dry soil) and suyor or asway (harrow for dry and wet soil).

Other indispensable implements are the tabas (a slightly curved longish bolo for cutting), barang (bolo or machete), gamlang and palang (small blades for cutting wide swathes), palot (scythe), lasong tan alo (mortar and pestle), taltagan (giant mortar), karaykay (bamboo rake), wasay (axe for felling trees and chopping firewood), bareta (iron bar for digging), and simbangan (measuring balance).

A wooden rice storage box is called garong, and it is found at the kamalir (granary) placed at the back of the house.

Bayangbayang is an old native term for scarecrow and curiously sounds similar to the town's name.

Local basketry are made of bamboo, which include the baki or ubong na manok (a round chicken nest and a longer hexagonal shaped one used a chicken coop, both made of bamboo strips) and tiklis (a wide-mouthed bamboo fruit or vegetable container), buksot (large basket with four corners at its base), bigao (winnowing tray), pongkian (rice dispenser), and belyag (cooked rice container).

A long chicken feeder made of hollowed bamboo stem is called atutong.

 

Fishermen are called kumakalokor, tumataksay, sumasabukol, sumisigay, or sumasagap.

 

If the father is a fisherman, he will have a baloto (wooden boat) with begsay (long oar), kiwkiw (short oar), talakeb (bamboo fishing trap), balulang, sakupit, or babaku (fish baskets fashioned from bamboo strips), and tabal (white fish net). Another type of fishing boat with a trawl net is called taksay.

Sabukol (lambat) is a light white fishing net with buli or some other materials as weight.

Sigay is a larger fishing net, a funnel-shaped enclosure.

Tabal refers to a fish trap made of net with two poles at both ends, designed so that any fish that enters its hole can no longer escape.

Bangwit is fishing rod. Paleg is a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.

Lamos is balsa or raft.

A host of other local terms, especially those specific to the Mangabul area in Bayambang have been listed by Agustin F. Umali in his book, "Guide to the Classification of Fishing Gear in the Philippines," which was published in January 1950 by the US Government Printing Office.

alang - a lever net similar to the salambaw (Tagalog) which consists of a large dip net attached to two bamboo cross pieces. It is lowered and raised by a lever-like boom stepped to a bamboo raft.

baliwit (also Sambal) - a term for handlines

baloto – wooden bangka (Tagalog) or boat

balulang - a type of fish basket

banowit - general term for lines. Additional notes: Bangwit is also used to refer to the fishing rod. Paleg is a permanent kind of bangwit, as it is left in the water to wait for fish to get trapped. There are two types of paleg: pakiwit is made of a soft pole resembling a bulawit or young bamboo rod, while parukdok is made of a firm pole.

bantak - a longline. Synonym: Kitang (Tag.).

banwit (also Bikol) - a term for handlines

batel - wooden hulled motorized boats; big inter-island sailboat
 

begsay - a boat's long oar

kalaskas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net without a pocket. Usually made of sinamay, it is used with a scareline. Synonyms: Kulokutok or katigbi (Tag.).

kalukor - a cotton netting drag or beach seine which has no pocket.

kammang (also Ibanag; Iloko) - a gill net operated from a banca.

karik - a pole and line. Synonyms: Binwit or biwas (Tag.).

karukod - a drag seine without a pocket. Synonyms: Karudkod

kasag (also Iloko) - a rectangular drive-in net used with a scareline. Synonym: Kulokutok (Tag.); odaod (Ilk.).

kaskasag - a one-man rectangular lift net.

kayakas (also Tagalog) - a drive-in-net of sinamay into which reef species are driven with a kayakas (scareline). It is a local version of the muro-ami and also is similar to the bahan (Sam. Bis.). Synonym: Kayakas-boholano (Tag.).

kitang (also Tagalog; Iloko; Sambal) - general term for longlines

kiwkiw - a boat's short oar

daklis (also Iloko; Sambal) - a large beach or drag seine of cotton netting. Made with a bag or pocket, it is 100 to 150 fathoms long. It is smaller than the biray (Ilk.) but larger than the karukod (Ilk.). Synonyms: Sinsoro (Tag.-Sp.); pukot (Tag.); salap, baling, baring (Bis.).

lala (also Sambal) - a term for cast nets in general.

lama - fish shelter made of piles of debris. Synonyms: Bumbon (Tag.); rama (Ilk.); bombon (Pil.).

lamos - balsa (Tag.) or raft.

latule-patule - pole and line in which the pole (latule) is stuck into the mud of riverbanks. On the free end of the pole a kind of noisemaker (patule) made of a bamboo joint split at one end, is hung to attract the fisher man when the fish bites.

legma - a simple fish shelter constructed of debris. Synonyms: Lima or lama (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).

lima - simple fish shelter made of debris. Synonyms: Legma (Pang.); bumbon (Tag.).

manarop-alamang - a triangularly framed sinamay push net for catching small shrimp. Synonym: Sakag (Tag.).

pakpak - cotton twine encircling gill net for taking sardines.

pakpet - a fish shelter used in the Mangabul fisheries. It consists of piles of debris from which the catch is made by various means. Synonym: Bumbon (Tag.).

palaylay - a drag seine similar to the karukod (Ilk.), operated with one wing payed out somewhat more offshore than the other. Synonym: Parayray (Pang.).

palubo - triangularly framed drive-in-net operated with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.)

palukso - fish trap for catching dalag. It is operated like a barricade in rivers, creeks, or openings of rice-field dikes when the water is being drained. It is fashioned of slanting, V-shaped split-bamboo matting into which the dalag leap.

pamalanak - a rectangular drive-in-net operated with a scareline for catching banak (mullet) in Bolinao.

paranyaki - a drift net used in San Fabian for catching slipmouth and goatfish. It measures 25-by 1-fathom. In other places in this province the term also refers to the lighted boat in a sapyaw outfit.

parayray - a beach seine in Bolinao which is operated with one wing somewhat offshore. In Alaminos and other places in it refers to a type of shallow-water fish corral that fishes during receding tide. In the former case, the term is synonymous to palaylay (Pang.), and in the latter, it is synonymous to pahubas (Bis.).

parigdig - a square lift net, measuring about 2 fathoms on each side, which is operated in rivers by four persons from four outposts. It is fished with or without the use of pulleys or blocks.

parukdok - a set pole and line for catching dalag and hito (mudfish). Live frogs, earthworms, and fish are used for bait, and the gear is left overnight without attention.

pasabing (also Iloko) - general term for fish corrals in and the Iloko provinces. It is a larger and a more complicated affair than the tarek (Ilk.). Synonyms: Baklad (Tag.); sagkad (Bik.); bunuan (Bis.); bunsod (Seb. Bis.); pasaging or pasaking (Iban.).

pasabing-duble – a river fish corral consisting of two diverging wings and two collecting chambers which lead into each other. The terminal compartment forms the collecting crib.

pasabing-ordinaryo - a common type of shallow-water fish corral in which the catch is brailed out of the collecting pound by dip nets.

pasabing-sa-balanak - a fish corral for catching balanak (mullet). Generally set in rivers, this corral is provided with a landing platform. In this type it is usually necessary to drive the fish into the trap.

pasabing-sa-malaga - a fish corral for taking malaga (siganids) in Bolinao.

pasabing-sensilyo - a typical river fish corral similar to pasabing-duble (Ilk.), except that the terminal collecting crib is located on one side of the semicircular antechamber

pasbang - large river fish traps placed across the mouth of Dagupan River for catching fish migrating upstream with the rising tide. Each consists of two bamboo rafts built in V-shaped fashion, with an elevated platform and a sinamay bag for the collecting portion. Synonym: Pasagang (Ilk.).

pasbang-duble - two sets of the pasbang, using three bamboo rafts and two collecting bags in order to fish on both stages of the tide.

pasbang-sensilyo - the simple style of operating the pas bang. Only one collecting bag is used, and it is fished during only one stage of the tide. Synonyms: Pasbang (Pang.); pasabang (Ilk.).

patapat - fish shelter used particularly for shrimp. It consists of anchored piles of twigs and debris, and the catch is made by means of a push net. Synonym: Bumbon (Tag.).

patudan - a pole and line.

paturaw (also Iloko) - a set pole and line for catching dalag. Baited with a live frog, the gear is left for some time unattended.

payakyak - a two-chambered fish corral constructed in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water in Lake Mangabul, Bayambang, Province. It consists of a series of fish weirs almost connected to each other by a winglike leader set across the entire width of a creek. This gear fishes during the receding water after the rainy season.

penir - a fish corral constructed on a river bank. Two wings are set perpendicular to the single chamber so as to close completely that particular portion of the stream and catch fish with the receding water. This may also be classified as a barricade. Synonym: Populitin

piner (also Samar) - a river fish corral made with two wings and a collecting crib but no leader. The function of a leader is usually performed by one or both wings. Synonym: Bunuhan (Tag.).

pisga (also Iloko) - a fish spear or harpoon fished from a raft.

populitin - a one-chambered river fish corral or barricade set on one side of the stream with two wings constructed perpendicular to the enclosure, but parallel to the bank, so as to catch fish during ebb. This also may be merely staked bamboo mattings enclosing a definite portion of the stream along its bank in order to effect the capture of fish during receding water. Synonym: Penir (Pang.).

puket (also Iloko) - a set filter net for catching ipon (goby fry) along gradually shelving sandy shores near river mouths in the northern provinces. It is made either of sinamay or of coarse cotton cloth. Synonym: Tanggar (Ilk.).

payakyak - a two-chambered fish corral constructed in from 3 to 5 fathoms of water in Lake Mangabul, Bayambang. It consists of a series of fish weirs almost connected to each other by a winglike leader set across the entire width of a creek. This gear fishes during the receding water after the rainy season.

sabukol - cast nets used in Pangasinan. Synonyms: dala (Tag.); laya (Bis.); tabukol (Ilk.); ataraya (Sa.-Sp.; T. Sug.-Sp.); lala (Samb.). Additional note: It is a light white fishing net with buli or some other materials as weight.

sakupit - a type of fish basket

salambaw - a rectangular lift net used in rivers. One side is supported by poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, and the opposite side is held by two men from a platform built along one side of the river. It is fished like a blanket net. Synonym: Salambaw-parigdig (Pang.).

salambaw-bugton - a triangularly framed lift net operated by only one man.

salambaw-inalong - a stationary lift net. Rectangular in form, it is set near the bank with the anchored side attached to two poles toward midstream. The opposite hauling side is manipulated by two retrieving lines from a sheltered bamboo platform toward the river bank. “Alalong” means watch tower.

salambaw-parigdig - a rectangular lift net weighted at each In operation, one side is tied to two poles with a block-and-tackle arrangement, while the opposite side is held by two men from a bamboo plat form on the river bank. Fishing this gear resembles the blanket net operation. Synonym: Salambaw (Pang.).

salapyao - fishing boat with net

salyang - a lift net for catching crabs. It is small, square, coarse meshed, and mounted on split bamboo crosspieces. It is baited before being fished. Synonyms: Bintol (Pil.); bentoy (Ban. Bis.); sellem (Ilk.; Iban.).

saplar (also Iloko; Ibanag) - a staked filter net for taking shrimp. Synonym: Saplad (Pil.).

sariwsiw - a set lift net of triangular shape mounted on two collapsible bamboo crosspieces. It is operated like a drive-in-net with a scareline. Synonyms: Konay or solambaw (Sam. Bis.).

sayring - a small trawl net operated from two anchored boats. The net is dragged in grounds where fish shelters have been placed a few days beforehand. The debris composing the shelters is cleared before the net is used.

sigay - a large fishing net, a funnel-shaped enclosure, usually used in the open sea.

siklong - a one-bamboo-joint crab trap operated with a bow-and trigger controlled trap door for catching land crabs as they crawl from their burrows. Synonyms: Patibong (Tag.; Ban. Bis.); sarading (Kuy.); lagpit (Il. Bis.).

siid (also Tagalog) - a small , low, heart-shaped pot-like trap used chiefly for catching clariid catfish (hito). Made of bamboo matting and baited, it is designed with a nonreturn device. Synonyms: Umang, dakikong, bakikong (Tag.).

siir - A set pole and line in which the short pole is stuck in the ground. It does not require constant attention.

siir-na-alalo - a set pole and line for catching alalo (climbing perch) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang, Province.

siir-na-paltat - a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Bayambang

silew-a set pole and line for catching paltat (clariid catfish) in the Mangabul fisheries, Province. Synonym: Siir-na-paltat (Pang.).

silot - a deep-water tuck seine operated from a boat. Its meshes are wider than those of the karukod or daklis (Ilk.; Pang.).

siwasiw - a pole and line for catching dalag. Live frog bait is used, and the gear is swung continuously back and forth.

tabal - in the inland fisheries of Mangabul, this refers to a gill net with or without sinkers. In the sea fisheries of Pangasinan, the term refers to a small-meshed drag seine operated in waters 1 fathom or less in depth. Additional note: In San Carlos City, tabal also refers to a fish trap made of net with two poles at both ends, designed so that any fish that enters its hole can no longer escape.

tabal-kon-bato - a submerged set gill net with a weighted ground line and a floatline of saluyot strings.

tabal-kon-paltaw - a floating set gill net, with floats on the cork line, which is used in pelagic fishing.

tabal-grande - a small-meshed drag seine used in waters 15 fathoms or more in depth.

tabal-pikinyo - a small drag seine fished in waters less than 142 fathoms deep.

tabar - a drift net operated in the inland-water fisheries of Bayambang

taksay (also Pilipino) - a small trawl net operated from an anchored banca in grounds where fish shelters have been set some days before. The ground is cleared of debris before the net is dragged. In Province, fish are either driven into the net, which is set against the current, or swept from the ground when the net is pulled to the banca. In Manila Bay no shelters are used, but the net is dragged along the grounds toward the banca by pulling the towing ropes attached to each wing. In Panay the term refers to a sinamay drag or beach seine.

talakeb - a subcylindrical bamboo cover pot used to cover fish in muddy inland ground. This is sometimes used with light. Synonym: Salakab (Tag.).

talapang-de-balat - a drag seine used in Alaminos for gathering balat (sea cucumber).

tapangan (also Tagalog; Sambal; Aklan Bisaya) - a baited cylindrical bamboo fish pot for catching crabs. The splints are matted in parallel series over hoops, with the two ends tapering slightly. Each end is provided with a circular opening guarded by a nonreturn valve. This gear is very similar to the kimpot (Kap.), except that the latter has only one valve.

tapsay (also Iloko) - a trawl net operated from an anchored banca. Synonym: Taksay (Pil.).

tuel - a river fish corral which has a bamboo platform as the collecting portion. Synonym: Palukso (Tag.).